Pros and Cons of Controversial Issues. These are the most complex and controversial of welfare and security programs. Benefits may include indemnification for lost wages in addition to medical treatment. The Office of Global Affairs provides leadership and expertise in global health diplomacy and policy to protect the health and well-being of Americans. Social programs in the United States are welfare subsidies designed to aid the needs of the American population. Federal and state welfare programs include cash. Brazil’s Most Controversial Government. A program launched by the federal government in 2011 to. 11 Most Controversial Issues Dividing the Country. So let's jump right into the most controversial and divisive issue in the. The 11 Most Passive Aggressive. Controversial definition, of, relating to, or characteristic of controversy, or prolonged public dispute, debate, or contention; polemical: a controversial book. Domestic Surveillance - Council on Foreign Relations. Author: Newsteam Staff. Updated: December 1. This publication is now archived. Introduction. In the wake of the September 1. Congress passed sweeping legislation to bolster U. S. Some of the most controversial measures, including the 2. USA PATRIOT Act, significantly enhanced the federal government's ability to collect and analyze private information related to U. S. Proponents argue that the broader surveillance authorities are required to uncover and neutralize terrorism plots, while critics say the expanded powers infringe on civil liberties. In 2. 00. 5, the Bush administration came under fire from Democrats and activist groups after press reports disclosed the National Security Agency's warrantless wiretapping program. In 2. 01. 3, the Obama administration similarly attracted criticism from watchdog groups upon leaks related to its far- reaching domestic surveillance activities under the NSA. The episode has revived debate over privacy and national security and raised calls for reform. The NRA was one of the most controversial of the New Deal programs because it required government-based.The Great Society was a set of domestic programs in the United States launched by Democratic President Lyndon B. The main goal was the. What is the domestic surveillance controversy under Obama? Two NSA surveillance programs were exposed in press reports in June 2. First, a Guardian report disclosed a classified Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC) order instructing Verizon, one of the largest U. S. Another secret program, code- named PRISM, accessed troves of communication data—audio/video chats, emails, photos, and other media—from several U. S. Subsequent leaks revealed details on additional programs that gave the NSA extensive electronic surveillance tools, both domestic and international, allowing the government to track and tap into conversations of suspected terrorists, civilians, and even friendly foreign heads of state. Amid criticism from civil rights groups, the Obama administration initially defended the surveillance program, saying it is legal, limited, and effective in preventing terrorist attacks. Director of National Intelligence James Clapper said the program does not monitor phone calls, but acquires telephony metadata to be queried only when there is a . In congressional testimony, NSA chief Gen. Keith Alexander credited his agency's surveillance with helping prevent . The inquiry is reportedly part of a comprehensive White House review of signals intelligence. What was the domestic surveillance controversy under Bush? After 9/1. 1, the Bush administration opted not to seek approval from the FISC before intercepting . Gonzales argued (PDF) that President Bush had the legal authority under the constitution and congressional statute to conduct warrantless surveillance on U. S. Administration officials portrayed the NSA program as an . In July 2. 00. 7- -weeks before Gonzales stepped down- -intelligence officials pressed lawmakers for emergency legislation to broaden their wiretapping authority following a ruling by the court overseeing FISA that impacted the government's ability to intercept foreign communications passing through telecommunications . It also said warrants are unnecessary for surveillance of a person . This six- month stopgap measure expired in early 2. FISA Amendment Act passed just months later contained similar provisions. President Obama reauthorized this legislationfor five more years in December 2. Why did this become an issue in mid- 2. Edward Snowden, the ex- CIA and former NSA contractor who leaked news of the two NSA programs, cited concerns over civil liberties violations as his primary motive. With this capability, the vast majority of human communications are automatically ingested without targeting. If I wanted to see your emails or your wife's phone, all I have to do is use intercepts. I can get your emails, passwords, phone records, credit cards. Rather, he stated the NSA program was limited and had been . As noted above, President Obama has reauthorized this legislation until 2. Many U. S. Snowden fled to Hong Kong in May and was granted temporary asylum in Russia in August after spending weeks at the Moscow airport. What are the challenges to domestic surveillance policy? Both Democratic and Republican lawmakers have called for a reexamination of the government's broad surveillance powers in the wake of disclosures regarding NSA activities. Top- ranking Senators Dianne Feinstein (D- CA) and John Mc. Cain (R- AZ) supported requests for congressional hearings on NSA surveillance, despite their support for the controversial programs. Ron Wyden (D- OR), an outspoken critic of NSA's broad authorities, has called on the White House to detail the extent to which Americans were monitored. In the past, the NSA said it lacked the technical ability to quantify this data. Critics allege that even if the programs are operating within the letter of law, as the Obama administration says, they violate the law's intent and the values of democratic society. Some civil liberties activists have appealed for a thorough review of several provisions in the Patriot Act and FISA Amendments Act that provide controversial surveillance authorities. Civil libertarians question whether government surveillance programs violate the Fourth Amendment to the U. S. Constitution, which states: . Leon of the Federal District Court for the District of Columbia ruled that the NSA's bulk gathering of U. S. The judge ordered the government to stop collecting data on calls of the two plaintiffs in the case, but stayed the injunction to allow the government a chance to appeal. Other legal challenges are in early phases, including suits by the American Civil Liberties Union and the Electronic Frontier Foundation. The Obama administration's task force also released its findings in December, recommending dozens of changes to current surveillance practice. Significant proposed reforms include: ending the government's indiscrimate collection of U. S. But legal analysts say that while the recommendations, if implemented, would require greater executive, congressional, and judicial review of surveillance activities, they would end few programs. Meanwhile, in Congress, two bills that would forbid the NSA from collecting phone data on Americans not suspected of a crime are still in the early legislative process. The USA Freedom Act, which would reform the Patriot Act to address privacy concerns, has enough support to pass, but lawmakers are uncertain when it will be ready for a vote. Still, many Democrats and Republicans say the NSA programs are essential counterterrorism tools that have proved effective in preventing potential attacks. Additional resources. This report from the nonpartisan Congressional Research Service discusses the history of constitutional interpretations and legislative responses relevant to the collection of private information for criminal investigation, foreign intelligence gathering, and national security purposes. There is a significant opportunity to build a more comprehensive framework embedded in statute to address the civil liberties challenges posed by the use of commercial data for counterterrorism purposes, says this CFR working paper by Daniel B. Prieto. This report from the nonpartisan Congressional Research Service examines the December 2. Title VII of FISA, which created new procedures for targeting non- U.
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